Section Title                                            Page Number

Purpose                                                                1

Methodology                                                         1

Summary                                                               4

Key Findings                                                         9

Community Issues                                                 9

Household Issues                                                10

Children in Household                                         12

Sex Education                                                     13

Rating Their Own Health                                     14

Health Care Coverage                                         16

Routine Check-ups and Tests                               17

Vaccinations                                                        23

Prevalence of Select Health Conditions                 26

Physical Well Being and Body Weight                  28

Nutrition and Diet                                                 29

Women’s Health                                                   32

Men’s Health                                                        34

Colorectal Cancer                                                 36

Skin Cancer                                                          37

Safety: Seat Belts and Bicycle Helmets                  38

Cigarettes and Tobacco Products                          40

Alcohol Use                                                          44

Illegal Drug Use                                                     46

Mental Health Status                                             47

Personal Safety Issues                                           49

Appendix A: Questionnaire Frequencies                50

Table Title Page Number

Table 1. Weighted Demographic Variables of Survey Respondents 2

Table 2. Community Problems 9

Table 3. Rate Own Health by Demographic Variables 15

Table 4. Dental Check-up by Demographic Variables 18

Table 5. Eye Check-up by Demographic Variables 19

Table 6. Medical Check-up by Demographic Variables 20

Table 7. Blood Pressure Checked by Demographic Variables 21

Table 8. Cholesterol Test by Demographic Variables 22

Table 9. Tetanus Vaccination in Past Ten Years by Demographic Variables 23

Table 10. Flu Vaccination by Demographic Variables 24

Table 11. Told or Received Treatment in the Past Three Years by Demographic Variables 27

Table 12. Limit Fat Intake by Demographic Variables 30

Table 13. Time Since Last Mammogram by Age 32

Table 14. Time Since Last Pap Smear by Demographic Variables 33

Table 15. Testicular Self-Exam by Age 34

Table 16. Prostate Cancer Screening by Age 35

Table 17. Colorectal Cancer Screening by Age 36

Table 18. Wear Seat Belt by Demographic Variables 38

Table Title Page Number

Table 19. Helmet Usage by Demographic Variables (Of Those who Ride,

Inline Skate or Scooter) 39

Table 20. Current Smokers by Demographic Variables 41

Table 21. Favor Ordinance to Prohibit Smoking in Eating Establishments

In Their Community by Demographic Variables 42

Table 22. Preferred Smoking Policy at Work by Demographic Variables (Of Those

Who Work) 43

Table 23. Drank Alcohol Per Occasion in Past Month by Demographic Variables

of All Respondents 46

Figure Title Page Number

Figure 1. Health Issue Worry About Most 10

Figure 2. Rate Own Health 14

Figure 3. Type of Health Care Coverage 16

Figure 4. Received Pneumonia Vaccination (Respondents 65 and Older) 25

Figure 5. Told or Received Treatment in the Past Three Years 26

Figure 6. Exercise: Times Per Week/Number of Minutes 28

Figure 7. Use of Sunscreen (SPF 15 or Higher) 37

Figure 8. Felt Sad, Blue or Depressed in Past Year 47

Figure 9. Often Feel Stressed Out 48

The Ozaukee County Health Study was conducted by JKV Research to gather information on the health practices and health-related behavioral risks of residents.

Respondents were scientifically selected so that the survey would be representative of Ozaukee County adults 18-years-old and older. The sample of random telephone numbers included both listed and unlisted numbers. Respondents within each household were randomly selected using the Hagen/Collier selection technique. At least 8 attempts were made to contact a respondent at each household. A screener question verifying the household location in the county was included. Management Decisions Incorporated, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was contracted for the telephone interviewing phase.

A total of 400 telephone interviews were completed between April 2 and April 16, 2002. With a sample size of 400 we can be 95% sure that the sample percentage reported would not vary by more than ± 5 percent from what would have been obtained by interviewing all persons 18-years-old and older who lived in Ozaukee County. The margin of error for smaller subgroups will be larger. Data have been weighted by sex and age to reflect the 2000 census of the proportion of these characteristics in the county. Table 1 shows the demographic variables of respondents. Throughout the report, some totals may be more or less than 100% due to rounding.

The Ozaukee County Health Survey was a community collaborative effort paid for by:

JKV Research is under the direction of Janet Kempf Vande Hey, M.S. For further information about the survey, contact Janet at 920-687-9909.

Table 1. Weighted Demographic Variables of Survey Respondents

Results of the Ozaukee County Community Health Survey can be generalized to the adult population with telephones in the county. In 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau identified 60,386 adult residents in Ozaukee County.

When using percentages from this study, it is important to keep in mind what each percentage point, within the margin of error, actually represents in terms of the total adult population in the county. One percentage point equals approximately 600 adults. So, when 8% of respondents reported their health was fair or poor, this roughly equates to 4,800 residents ± 3,000 individuals. Meaning that from 1,800 to 7,800 residents may have fair or poor health in the county. Because the margin of error is ± 5%, events or health risks that are small will include zero.

The 2000 Census counted 30,857 households in Ozaukee County. In certain questions of the Ozaukee County Community Health Survey, respondents were asked to report information about their household. Using the household count, each percentage point for household-level data represents approximately 300 households. For example, 6% of survey respondents reported that someone in their household is not covered by health insurance. Thus, the estimated number of households with someone not covered by health insurance would be 1,800.

How was "overweight" determined? Overweight was calculated using the Center for Disease Control’s Body Mass Index (BMI). Body Mass Index is calculated by using kilograms/meter². A BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 is considered overweight and 30.0 or more as obese. This is a change from previous years when a BMI greater than 27.3 for females and 27.8 for males was classified as overweight. Differences between Ozaukee County data and other county, state or national data prior to 2000 may occur as a result of definition. It is important to review the definition of overweight when comparing data. Throughout the report, the category "overweight" includes both overweight and obese respondents.

"Married" respondents are defined as either married or living together based on similar lifestyle and behavior.

There are three different alcohol consumption definitions and are based on weight and metabolism differences between the sexes.

"Moderate drinking" as defined by the U.S. Dietary Guidelines is limited to one to two drinks on an occasion for males and one drink on an occasion for females.

"Heavy drinking" as defined by the U.S. Dietary Guidelines is three or more drinks on an occasion for males and two or more drinks on an occasion for females.

Recently, the "binge drinking" definition changed. Previously, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) considered five or more drinks at one time binge drinking, regardless of gender. Now, binge drinking for females is four or more drinks while for males it has remained at five or more drinks. At this time, there are no state or national statistics based on the new binge drinking definition.

 

This research provides valuable behavioral data, lifestyle habits, and the prevalence of risk factors and disease conditions of Ozaukee County residents. The following data are highlights of the comprehensive study. Please see the full report for more detailed findings.

When asked to rate twelve different community problems, respondents reported underage drinking and general smoking were the problems of greatest magnitude within their community. Water pollution in lakes, rivers and streams was a close third.

A small percent of respondents thought their community is very prepared against a terrorist attack while one quarter thought not at all prepared. Almost half reported they would participate in workshops on bio-terrorism and prevention.

When asked what health issue respondents worry about within their own family, cancer was the prevailing issue. Two percent of respondents reported that in the next year they anticipate someone in their household will need home care services.

According to respondents, most children always wore seat belts or used child seats when in a vehicle. Nearly half reported a child wears a helmet when biking, using in-line roller skates or scooters. Over three quarters of respondents reported at least one child exercised 20 minutes or more for at least three days a week, while over one third reported a child eats fried foods at least three times a week. Fourteen percent reported a child at least 20 pounds overweight. Most children two or younger were fully immunized.

There was interest in a free lead screening of children five or younger as well as a free presentation on infant and young child brain development.

Regardless of whether the respondents had children living in their household or not, most respondents thought parents are primarily responsible for educating children about sex.

About four in ten households had both a smoke detector and carbon monoxide detector; about 5 in ten had smoke detector only and 2% had neither. Over three quarters of respondents who have detectors, change all batteries in the past year. Two in five respondents reported they would participate in a free in-home safety evaluation to identify how to improve the physical safety for people living in their home.

Over two thirds of all respondents favored a community ordinance prohibiting smoking in eating establishments. Respondents 35 to 64 years of age, females, nonsmokers, or those with more education were more likely to favor such an ordinance. Of those who worked, 69% reported smoking is not allowed inside the building but is allowed outside; 18% reported smoking is not allowed inside or outside. Fifty-nine percent preferred smoking not allowed inside but OK outside while 28% preferred smoking allowed in neither place.

Eighteen percent of households had a smoker who smoked indoors at home or in their vehicle. A small percent of household members used cigars, chew, snuff or a pipe.

Over three out of five respondents reported their health as excellent or very good. Respondents who were 65 and older, with lower household income, were overweight, or with a high school education or less were more likely to report fair or poor conditions.

Four percent of respondents reported they personally did not have health care coverage. Six percent reported someone in their household was not covered. Households with lower income ($30,000 or less) were most likely to have someone not covered. Most respondents received their primary health care services from a medical doctor, internist, OBGYN or from a family practice.

Over two thirds of all respondents reported having a routine medical check-up, blood pressure checked as well as a dental check-up in the past year. Over half reported having an eye exam or cholesterol test in the past year. Female respondents were more likely to have had a medical check-up or have their blood pressure checked recently. Generally, older respondents were more likely to have had tests in the past year.

Seven in ten respondents reported having a tetanus shot in the past ten years, with respondents 18 through 34 and 45 through 54 more likely to have had one. Thirty-one percent had an influenza vaccination in the past year. The flu vaccination was more likely for older respondents or females. Two-thirds of all senior citizens had a pneumonia vaccination.

Out of eight health conditions listed, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and asthma/bronchitis were the most often treated conditions in the past three years. The prevalence of high blood cholesterol was higher for older respondents, nonsmokers, males, those overweight or married respondents. For high blood pressure, it was higher for respondents who were older, those with lower education or overweight respondents. Asthma/bronchitis was higher for smokers or those who were female.

A small percentage of respondents reported always or nearly always feeling sad, blue or depressed. Respondents who were younger or not married were more likely to feel sad, blue or depressed, feel stressed out most of the time or report that stress has had a lot of effect on their health. Respondents with lower household income were also more likely to report that stress has had a lot of effect on their health in the past year. The main reason for feeling stressed out was job related. A small fraction felt so overwhelmed they considered suicide.

Over half of respondents reported exercising for 20 minutes or more at least three times a week. Respondents who were not overweight or had higher education were more likely to exercise for 20 minutes or more at least three times a week. Fifty-six percent of respondents were classified as overweight (36% overweight and 20% obese).

Female respondents, those who were nonsmokers, or those not overweight were more likely to watch their fat intake, eat fruit or vegetables more often or drink/eat calcium more often. Older respondents were more likely to watch their fat intake.

Over eight out of every ten women over the age of 50 had a mammogram in the past two years. One half of all female respondents conducted a monthly breast self-exam. Eight out of ten of all female respondents reported a pap smear in the past two years. Younger respondents or those with higher education were more likely to have had a pap smear in the past year.

Thirteen percent of male respondents 40 years old or older perform a monthly testicular self-exam. Thirty-six percent of male respondents 40 years old or older were tested for prostate cancer in the past year. Another 13% were tested within the past one to two years.

Forty-seven percent of respondents 50 years of age and older was tested for colorectal cancer in the past two years. No statistically significant differences between male and female respondents were found.

When exposed to the sun, forty-eight percent of respondents always or nearly always wore sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or higher.

Most respondents wore seat belts always or nearly always. Female respondents or those 35 and older were more likely to wear seat belts. Of those who rode a bike, in-line skated, or used a scooter, nearly one third reported they always or nearly always wear a helmet.

About one out of every five respondents were current smokers; a majority of them smoked every day in the past month. Generally, younger respondents, those with less education or less household income were most likely to be smokers.

Roughly three quarters of all respondents were classified as moderate drinkers at least once in the past month; 42% were heavy drinkers at least once while 16% were binge drinkers at least once. Younger respondents or males were more likely to be heavy drinkers or binge drinkers in the past month. Six percent of households had a problem in connection with alcohol.

A small percentage of respondents reported they used illegal drugs in the past year.

Less than one in ten respondents felt his/her safety was threatened or had been pushed, kicked, hit or slapped in the past year.

KEY FINDING: When asked to rate twelve different community problems, respondents reported underage drinking and general smoking were the problems of greatest magnitude within their community. Water pollution in lakes, rivers and streams was a close third. A small percent of respondents thought their community is very prepared against a terrorist attack while one quarter thought not at all prepared. Almost half reported they would participate in workshops on bio-terrorism and prevention.

Fifty-four percent of respondents reported that underage alcohol use was a major or moderate problem in their community. Forty-six percent reported smoking while 40% reported water pollution in lakes, rivers and streams was a major/moderate problem.

Female respondents were more likely to report as major/moderate problems: smoking (51%) compared to males (39%), underage alcohol use (58% v. 48%), adult alcohol abuse (43% v. 27%), illegal drug use (43% v. 33%), food sanitation (10% v. 5%) and air quality (22% v. 11%).

Respondents 45 through 54 years of age were more likely to report that smoking was a major/moderate problem (56%) compared to respondents 65 and older as well as 18 to 34 (39% each). Respondents 45 through 54 were also most likely to report underage drinking was a major/moderate problem (63%), adult alcohol abuse (44%), and illegal drug abuse (46%). Respondents 55 to 64 were most likely to report a violence or threat of physical harm (16%). Sewage as a major or moderate problem was mentioned more often by respondents 45 through 54 year olds and 65 years old and older (24% and 16%, respectively).

Respondents with a household income of $60,001 to $90,000 were most likely to report food sanitation as a major or moderate problem (15%) compared to all others (6% or less).

Respondents with some college or a graduate of technical school/college were more likely to report illegal drug use as a major/moderate problem (41%) than respondents with a high school degree or less (31%)

Table 2. Community Problems

Four percent of respondents reported their community is very prepared against a terrorist attack, 33% reported somewhat prepared, 34% not too prepared and 24% reported not at all prepared.

Forty-seven percent reported they would participate in workshops on bio-terrorism and prevention.

Respondents 35 to 44 years old and 55 to 64 years old were most likely to report their willingness to participate in workshops (53% each) compared to 39% of respondents 45 to 54 years old.

 

 

KEY FINDING: When asked what health issue respondents worry about within their own family, cancer was the prevailing issue. Two percent of respondents reported that in the next year they anticipate someone in their household will need home care services. About four in ten households had both a smoke detector and carbon monoxide detector; about 5 in ten had smoke detector only and 2% had neither. Over three quarters of respondents who have detectors, change all batteries in the past year. Two in five respondents reported they would participate in a free in-home safety evaluation to identify how to improve the physical safety for people living in their home.

The family issue respondents worried about the most was cancer followed by heart disease/problems, health care coverage/costs, and diabetes. More than one quarter did not have an answer, either reporting nothing (23%) or don’t know (3%). The remaining percents were issues of concern for less than 3% of respondents.

 

Two percent of respondents reported they anticipate a household member will need home care services within the next year.

Of those seven respondents, six reported they will be able to access home care services.

One out of the seven respondents reported if Medicare or their insurance would not pay for home care services, they would be willing to pay for it.

Forty-two percent of respondents reported they would participate in a free in-home safety evaluation to identify how to improve they physical safety for people living in their home.

Respondents 35 to 44 years old and 55 to 64 years old were most likely to report they would participate in a free in-home safety evaluation (54% and 42%, respectively). Respondents 65 and older were least likely (30%).

Married respondents were more likely to report they would participate (49%) compared to unmarried respondents (27%).

Respondents with children were more likely to participate (52%) compared to respondents who do not have children living in their household (34%).

 

 

 

KEY FINDING: According to respondents, most children always wore seat belts or used child seats when in a vehicle. Nearly half reported a child wears a helmet when biking, using in-line roller skates or scooters. Over three quarters of respondents reported at least one child exercised 20 minutes or more for at least three days a week, while over one third reported a child eats fried foods at least three times a week. Fourteen percent reported a child at least 20 pounds overweight. There was interest in a free lead screening of children five or younger as well as a free presentation on infant and young child brain development. Most children two or younger were fully immunized.

Forty-seven percent of respondents reported at least one child in the household. Eighteen percent reported one child, 17% two children and the remaining 12% reported three or more children.

KEY FINDING: Regardless of whether the respondents had children living in their household or not, most respondents thought parents are primarily responsible for educating children about sex.

Ninety-five percent of all respondents reported that parents are primarily responsible for educating children about sex. Four percent reported school system and less than one percent were not sure.

 

 

 

KEY FINDING: Over three out of five respondents reported their health as excellent or very good. Respondents who were 65 and older, with lower household income, were overweight, or with a high school education or less were more likely to report fair or poor conditions.

Sixty-eight percent of respondents said their own health, generally speaking, was either excellent (24%) or very good (44%). A total of 8% reported their health was fair (7%) or poor (<1%).

 

Respondents 65 and older were less likely to state their health was excellent or very good. At least 70% of respondents 18 through 54 years of age reported excellent or very good; 48% of respondents 65 or older did. Respondents 65 and older were at least three times as likely to report their health was fair or poor as all other respondents.

Generally, respondents with more household income were more likely to report they were in excellent or very good health. Eighty percent of respondents with a household income of more than $60,000 reported their health condition as excellent/very good, in contrast to 41% who had less than $30,001. Respondents with a household income of $30,000 or less were four times more likely to report fair/poor health than those with a household income of $60,001 or more (14% and 3%, respectively).

As education increased, so did the likelihood of reporting their health as excellent or very good. Fifty-five percent of respondents who had a high school degree or less reported this compared to 76% of those with a college or technical degree.

Respondents not classified as overweight were more likely to report their health as excellent or very good (80%) compared to respondents classified as overweight (61%). Respondents who were overweight were twice as likely to report fair or poor compared to respondents not overweight (10% and 5%, respectively).

 

 

Table 3. Rate Own Health by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

KEY FINDING: Four percent of respondents reported they personally did not have health care coverage. Six percent reported someone in their household was not covered. Households with lower income ($30,000 or less) were most likely to have someone not covered. Most respondents received their primary health care services from a medical doctor, internist, OBGYN or from a family practice.

Four percent of respondents reported they were not currently covered by any health insurance. Sixty-two percent of respondents indicated they were personally covered by a prepaid plan such as a health maintenance organization (HMO) or preferred provider organization (PPO). Fifteen percent reported another commercial plan, 12% reported Medicare and less than 1% reported medical assistance or Badger Care each.

Six percent of all respondents indicated someone in their household was not covered by insurance. This equates to approximately 1,800 households.

Fifteen percent of respondents with a household income of less than $30,001 reported someone in their household was not covered compared to 7% of respondents with a household income of $30,001 to $60,000, 5% of respondents whose household earnings was $60,001 to $90,000 and 2% of households with earnings of more than $90,000.

 

Eighty percent of respondents reported a medical doctor, internist, OBGYN or family practice was where they received most of their health care services. Nine percent reported walk-in or urgent care clinic, 4% hospital emergency room, 2% public health department, and 2% community health center.

 

Four percent of respondents reported that in the past 12 months they did not receive the medical care they needed. When asked why they did not receive the care, the most common cited reason was uninsured (five responses). Poor medical care, insurance did not cover it, cannot afford to pay, co-payments too high, inconvenient hours, lack of transportation and don’t know where to go were all mentioned by 3 or fewer respondents.

 

KEY FINDING: Over two thirds of all respondents reported having a routine medical check-up, blood pressure checked as well as a dental check-up in the past year. Over half reported having an eye exam or cholesterol test in the past year. Female respondents were more likely to have had a medical check-up or have their blood pressure checked recently. Generally, older respondents were more likely to have had tests in the past year.

Seventy-five percent of respondents had a dental check-up in the past year, 18% reported one to two years ago while seven percent reported three or more years ago.

Respondents 18 through 34 were least likely to report having a dental exam in the past year (63%) compared to all other respondents (73% or higher).

Respondents who had at least some formal education beyond high school were most likely to have gone to the dentist in the past year (79%) compared to 64% with a high school degree or less.

Sixty-four percent of respondents whose annual household income was less than $30,001 had a dental check-up or exam in the last year compared to 80% of respondents with a household income of more than $30,000.

 

Table 4. Dental Check-up by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Fifty-two percent of Ozaukee County adult residents reported they had an eye exam in the past year. An additional 29% had an exam in the past one to two years.

Older respondents were more likely to have had an eye exam in the past year than younger respondents.

Respondents with a household income of $60,001 to $90,000 were least likely to have had an eye exam in the past year (39%) compared to all other respondents (51% or more). They were also more likely to have had an eye exam five or more years ago (13%).

Table 5. Eye Check-up by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Sixty-eight percent of Ozaukee County adult residents reported they had a medical check-up in the past year. An additional 21% had a medical exam in the past one to two years.

Female respondents were more likely to report they had a routine medical exam in the past year or two years compared to males.

Adult respondents aged 35 to 44 were least likely to have had a medical exam in the past year (57%), although, when looking at past two years, over 80% of all respondents reported they had.

Table 6. Medical Check-up by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Eighty-seven percent of Ozaukee County adult residents reported they had their blood pressure checked in the past year. An additional 9% had it checked in the past one to two years.

Female respondents were more likely to report they had their blood pressure checked in the past year compared to males.

Adult respondents aged 35 to 44 were least likely to have had their blood pressure checked in the past year (78%) compared to all others (84% or more).

Table 7. Blood Pressured Checked by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Fifty-five percent of Ozaukee County adult residents reported they had a cholesterol test in the past year. An additional 21% had the test in the past one to two years.

Older respondents were more likely to report a cholesterol test in the past year. Thirty-one percent of respondents 18 to 34 reported having a test less than a year ago compared to 75% of respondents 55 and older.

Household income level and the likelihood of having a cholesterol test varied. Respondents with a household income of $60,001 to $90,000 were least likely to have one in the past year while those with a household income of less than $30,001 were more likely to have a test five or more years ago.

Table 8. Cholesterol Test by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

KEY FINDING: Seven in ten respondents reported having a tetanus shot in the past ten years, with respondents 18 through 34 and 45 through 54 more likely to have had one. Thirty-one percent had an influenza vaccination in the past year. The flu vaccination was more likely for older respondents or females. Two-thirds of all senior citizens had a pneumonia vaccination.

Seventy percent of respondents indicated they had a tetanus vaccination in the past 10 years.

Respondents between the ages of 18 and 34 and 45 to 54 were most likely to have had a tetanus vaccination (81% and 76%, respectively) compared to all other respondents (69% or less).

Table 9. Tetanus Vaccination in Past 10 Years by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Thirty-one percent of respondents had a flu vaccination in the past year. Nine percent reported one to two years. Forty-three percent reported never.

Females were more likely to report having a flu vaccination in the past year (37%) compared to male respondents (23%)

Older respondents were most likely to report receiving a flu vaccination, especially those 65 and older (66%).

Table 10. Flu Vaccination by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Sixty-six percent of respondents who were 65 and older reported they received a pneumonia vaccination.

Female respondents were more likely to report they had a pneumonia vaccination (78%) than male respondents (40%).

KEY FINDING: Out of eight health conditions listed, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and asthma/bronchitis were the most often treated conditions in the past three years. The prevalence of high blood cholesterol was higher for older respondents, nonsmokers, males, those overweight or married respondents. For high blood pressure, it was higher for respondents who were older, those with lower education or overweight respondents. Asthma/bronchitis was higher for smokers or those who were female.

Respondents were most likely to report they have been told or been treated for high blood cholesterol (25%), high blood pressure (23%), asthma/bronchitis (12%), heart disease or heart condition (6%) and mental health problem (6%).

Typically, the likelihood of being told or treated for high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure increased as age increased.

Respondents who were considered overweight were more likely to have high blood cholesterol or high blood pressure. Overweight respondents were at least twice as likely to have these two conditions (35% and 29%, respectively) compared to not overweight respondents (13% and 14%, respectively).

Male respondents were more likely to report high blood cholesterol while female respondents were more likely to report asthma/bronchitis.

Respondents who were smokers were more likely to report asthma/bronchitis while more nonsmokers reported high blood cholesterol.

Married respondents were more likely to report high blood cholesterol.

Respondents with lower education were more likely to report high blood pressure than respondents with higher education.

Table 11. Told or Received Treatment in the Past 3 Years by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

KEY FINDING: Over half of respondents reported exercising for 20 minutes or more at least three times a week. Respondents who were not overweight or had higher education were more likely to exercise for 20 minutes or more at least three times a week. Fifty-six percent of respondents were classified as overweight (36% overweight and 20% obese).

Sixty-four percent of respondents stated they exercise three or more times in a typical week (57% 20 or more minutes and 7% less than 20 minutes). Seven percent reported they do not exercise in a typical week.

 

Respondents with more education were more likely to get physical exercise three or more times a week for 20 or more minutes. Sixty-one percent of respondents with at least some college reported this compared to 45% of those with a high school education or less.

Respondents who were not overweight were more likely to exercise three or more times for 20 or more minutes (70%) compared to respondents who were overweight (49%).

 

 

Being overweight contributes to many health problems. One nationally used definition of overweight is when a person’s body mass index (BMI) is greater or equal to 25.0. A BMI of 30.0 or more is considered obese. Body Mass Index is calculated by using kilograms/meter². This is a change from previous years when a BMI greater than 27.3 for females and 27.8 for males was classified as overweight. Differences between Ozaukee County data and other county, state or national data prior to 2000 may occur as a result of definition. It is important to review the definition of overweight when comparing data. Throughout the report, the category "overweight" includes both overweight and obese respondents.

According to the definition above, Ozaukee County had 56% of residents considered overweight (36% overweight and 20% obese).

Males were more likely to be classified as overweight (76%) compared to females (41%).

Nonsmokers were more likely to be classified as overweight (59%) compared to smokers (46%).

Married respondents were more likely to be classified as overweight (61%) compared to unmarried respondents (48%).

 

 

KEY FINDING: Female respondents, those who were nonsmokers, or those not overweight were more likely to watch their fat intake, eat fruit or vegetables more often or drink/eat calcium more often. Older respondents were more likely to watch their fat intake.

Fat Intake.

Fifty-three percent of respondents reported they always or nearly always make a conscious effort to reduce or limit their fat intake. Thirty percent reported they sometimes watch their fat intake while the remaining percents do so seldom or never (9% and 7%, respectively).

Female respondents were more likely to report they always/nearly always watch their fat intake (66%) compared to male respondents (38%).

Respondents 18 to 34 were least likely to consciously pay attention to limit their fat intake (34% always/nearly always and 19% never) compared to 73% of respondents 65 and older always/nearly always and 3% never.

Fifty-seven percent of nonsmokers always or always watch their fat intake while 38% of smokers do.

Sixty-two percent or respondents not overweight reported always/nearly always limiting fat intake compared to 48% of respondents who were classified as overweight.

Table 12. Limit Fat Intake by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Twenty-two percent of respondents ate fruit or vegetables three or more times per day. Thirty-two percent reported two times per day and 31% ate fruit or vegetables once per day. Fifteen percent ate fruit or vegetables less than once per day.

Female respondents were more likely to eat fruit or vegetables at least three times per day compared to male respondents (33% v 10%). Male respondents were more likely to report less than once per day (21%) compared to females (11%).

Respondents 55 and older were most likely to eat fruit or vegetables at least three times per day (30%) compared to respondents 18 to 34 (15%).

Nonsmokers were more likely to eat fruit or vegetables at least three times per day (26%) compared to smokers (8%). Smokers were twice as likely to eat fruit or vegetables less than once per day (28% v 13%).

Respondents not overweight were more likely to eat fruit and vegetables at least three times per day (25%) compared to overweight respondents (20%).

Twenty-eight percent of respondents consumed calcium three or more times per day. Twenty-seven percent reported two times per day and 37% consumed calcium once per day. Nine percent consumed calcium less than once per day.

Female respondents were more likely to consume calcium at least three times per day compared to male respondents (35% v 18%).

Nonsmokers were more likely to consume calcium at least three times per day (30%) compared to smokers (14%). Smokers were twice as likely to consume calcium less than once per day (15% v 7%).

Respondents not overweight were more likely to consume calcium at least three times per day (35%) compared to overweight respondents (21%).

 

 

 

KEY FINDING: Over eight out of every ten women over the age of 50 had a mammogram in the past two years. One half of all female respondents conducted a monthly breast self-exam. Eight out of ten of all female respondents reported a pap smear in the past two years. Younger respondents or those with higher education were more likely to have had a pap smear in the past year.

Table 13. Time Since Last Mammogram by Age

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Fifty-one percent of female respondents reported they conduct a breast self-exam monthly, while 23% do so every two or three months. Seven percent never performed a breast self-exam.

There were no demographic differences of performing self-breast exams.

 

Eighty-two percent of respondents in Ozaukee County reported they had a pap smear in the past two years (61% less than a year ago, 21% one to two years ago).

Respondents 65 and older were least likely to have had a pap smear in the past two years than older respondents.

Respondents with more education were more likely to have had a pap smear in the past two years (65% high school education or less and 89% college/technical graduate or beyond).

Table 14. Time Since Last Pap Smear by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

KEY FINDING: Thirteen percent of male respondents 40 years old or older perform a monthly testicular self-exam. Thirty-six percent of male respondents 40 years old or older were tested for prostate cancer in the past year. Another 13% were tested within the past one to two years.

Eleven percent of all male respondents perform a monthly testicular self-exam. Fourteen percent reported every two to three months while 15% reported every four to six months. Thirty-seven percent reported never.

As age increased, so did the likelihood of performing a monthly testicular self-exam. Nineteen percent of males 50 and older did so while 6% of males 40 to 49 and 7% of males 18 to 39 did.

Table 15. Testicular Self-Exam by Age

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Fifty-six percent of all male respondents were never tested or screened for prostate cancer. Thirty-six percent were tested within the past two years (24% less than one year ago and 12% one to two years ago).

As age increased, so did the likelihood of being tested or screened for prostate cancer. Fifty-five percent of men 50 years of age and older were tested less than a year ago and an additional 17% were in the past one to two years. Thirteen percent of men 40 to 49 reported a test for prostate cancer less than a year ago and 7% one to two years ago.

Table 16. Prostate Cancer Screening by Age

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

KEY FINDING: Forty-seven percent of respondents 50 years of age and older was tested for colorectal cancer in the past two years. No statistically significant differences between male and female respondents were found.

Sixty-two percent of all respondents were never tested or screened for colorectal cancer. Twenty-eight percent were tested within the past two years (16% less than a year ago and 12% one to two years ago).

Forty-seven percent of respondents 50 years old or older reported a colorectal cancer screening in the past two years compared to 21% of respondents 40 to 49 years of age and 10% of respondents 18 to 39 years old.

Male and female respondents 50 and older were equally as likely to have had a colorectal cancer screening.

Table 17. Colorectal Cancer Screening by Age

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

KEY FINDING: When exposed to the sun, forty-eight percent of respondents always or nearly always wore sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or higher.

Twenty-three percent of respondents always wear sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or higher while 25% reported nearly always. Nineteen percent of respondents never wore sunscreen when exposed to the sun.

 

Female respondents were more likely to report wearing sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or higher always or nearly always compared to male respondents (54% and 42%, respectively). Male respondents were almost three times as likely to report never (29% v. 10%).

Respondents 45 to 54 years old were most likely to report always or nearly always wearing sunscreen (58%) compared to respondents 65 and older (38%) as well as 18 through 34 years old (42%).

As education increased, so did the likelihood of wearing sunscreen always or nearly always. Thirty-four percent of respondents with a high school education or less reported always or nearly always wearing sunscreen compared to 57% of respondents with a technical school or college degree.

 

 

 

KEY FINDING: Most respondents wore seat belts always or nearly always. Female respondents or those 35 and older were more likely to wear seat belts. Of those who rode a bike, in-line skated or used a scooter, nearly one third reported they always or nearly always wear a helmet.

Ninety percent of respondents stated they use seat belts always or nearly always (78% and 12%, respectively).

Females were more likely to report wearing seat belts always or nearly always (82% and 10%, respectively) compared to male respondents (73% and 13%, respectively).

Respondents 18 to 34 were least likely to always wear seat belts (65%) compared to all other respondents (79% to 83%).

Respondents with a household income of $60,001 to $90,000 were least likely to wear seat belts always or nearly always (79%) compared to all others (90% or more).

Table 18. Wear Seat Belt by Demographic Variables

*= p£ 0.05; **= p£ 0.01

Table 19. Helmet Usage by Demographic Variables (Of Those who Ride, In-line Skate or Scooter)